Today, the password field in the /etc/passwd file is marked with an x.Īdministrators should recognize each field in /etc/shadow. Eventually, the password hashes were moved to a file readable only by root: /etc/shadow. This file was world-readable, allowing inquisitive users to pull password hashes for other accounts from the file and run them through password-cracking utilities. Long ago, password hashes were stored in the /etc/passwd file. Linux sysadmin basics: User account management with UIDs and GIDs.Linux sysadmin basics: User account management.I'll discuss passwords more below, but expect to see an x in the password field of this file. Here is an example with the comment field populated: dgarn:x:1001:1001:Damon Garn:/home/dgarn:/bin/bash Observe how the two colons still exist to delineate the comment field. In this example, the comment field is empty: dgarn:x:1001:1001::/home/dgarn:/bin/bash Here's an example of the /etc/passwd fields: username:password:UID:GID:comment:home:shell Linux sysadmins should be able to recognize these fields.Įach field is separated by a : character, and not all fields must be populated, but you must delineate them. This information includes the account name, home directory location, and default shell, among other values. User account information is stored in the /etc/passwd file. What skills do sysadmins need to manage user accounts? 1. The user's identity is based on their user account. This authentication provides access to resources and a customized, user-specific environment. Users must authenticate to any system they need to use. Knowing the skills and commands outlined in this article (and its two follow-up pieces, which dive deeper into user admin and group admin) helps ensure you're ready for the day-to-day user and group administration tasks a sysadmin is called on to do. The commands below are written for Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and RHEL-like distributions, but the concepts apply to any distribution of Linux.
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